{"id":450,"date":"2020-04-26T23:25:13","date_gmt":"2020-04-26T21:25:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.menschenrechte.org\/blog\/?p=450"},"modified":"2020-12-31T09:23:38","modified_gmt":"2020-12-31T08:23:38","slug":"dignified-housing-in-times-of-a-pandemic-and-beyond","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.menschenrechte.org\/blog\/dignified-housing-in-times-of-a-pandemic-and-beyond\/","title":{"rendered":"Dignified housing (in times of a pandemic and beyond)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>To prevent the pandemic from further spreading, governments in recent weeks started to enforce lockdowns and ordered people to <em>#stayhome<\/em> or <em>#quedateencasa<\/em>. All of a sudden, we have become involuntarily confined to our home, regardless of its characteristics, number of inhabitants, or location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Few moments in\ncontemporary history have made us appreciate so acutely what it means to have\ngood quality housing. Now that we are all mandated to remain within our homes,\nwe cannot escape, go out to work, to take a walk, to have a coffee, to exercise,\nto play in the park, to read on a bench. All activities have to take place\nwithin these four walls, in constant proximity to those whom we share our home\nwith or in absolute solitude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It has never been more imperative to reflect on the human right to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/documents\/publications\/fs21_rev_1_housing_en.pdf\">adequate housing<\/a> (set out in Article 25.1 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/UDHR\/Documents\/UDHR_Translations\/eng.pdf\">Declaration of Human Rights<\/a>), what <em>\u201cadequate housing\u201d<\/em> really is and how much it contributes in terms of quality of life; what it means to have a spacious and well-proportioned home surrounded by nature, with natural light, good ventilation and an outdoor space, a balcony, a garden or a roof terrace; and what a privilege it still is to live like this in the twenty-first century!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A closer look at our cities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A brief examination of our cities reveals that there is a vast amount of substandard housing: homes without electricity; windows overlooking tiny interior courtyards; homes shared by people who take turns between working and sleeping; overcrowded homes without privacy for any inhabitant; poor-quality housing, where any sound from the neighbours can be heard; or, as <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/elpais\/2020\/03\/19\/opinion\/1584619346_108975.html\">Juan Jos\u00e9 Mill\u00e1s<\/a> describes them, <em>&#8222;houses with fewer square meters than the national flags that fly on the facades of the official buildings.&#8220;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elsewhere, the\nsituation is even more alarming. In Lima, for example, about a third of\nhouseholds live in high or extreme poverty. Makeshift dwellings are made of\nlightweight materials. The inhabitants are not protected from the cold or heat\nand left exposed to the humidity constantly present in the atmosphere of Peru&#8217;s\ncapital.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These dwellings accommodate families like the Cotrina Vigos. Their home sits on the slopes of a damp hill outside the capital. In this precariously built house of only 9square metres, with no running water or even enough space to set up a table, with a dirt floor and a single window opening onto an open garbage dump, they must experience the current confinement as torture, locked in a place they just want to escape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-vimeo wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-vimeo wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"BorlabsCookie _brlbs-cb-vimeo\"><div class=\"_brlbs-content-blocker\"> <div class=\"_brlbs-embed _brlbs-video-vimeo\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_brlbs-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/www.menschenrechte.org\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/borlabs-cookie\/assets\/images\/cb-no-thumbnail.png\" alt=\"Vimeo\"> <div class=\"_brlbs-caption\"> <p>Mit dem Laden des Videos akzeptieren Sie die Datenschutzerkl\u00e4rung von Vimeo.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/privacy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Mehr erfahren<\/a><\/p> <p><a class=\"_brlbs-btn _brlbs-icon-play-white\" href=\"#\" data-borlabs-cookie-unblock role=\"button\">Video laden<\/a><\/p> <p><label><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"unblockAll\" value=\"1\" checked> <small>Vimeo immer entsperren<\/small><\/label><\/p> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div><div class=\"borlabs-hide\" data-borlabs-cookie-type=\"content-blocker\" data-borlabs-cookie-id=\"vimeo\"><script type=\"text\/template\">PGlmcmFtZSB0aXRsZT0iVHJhaWxlciBDaXVkYWQgSW5maW5pdGFfQ2l0eSBVbmZpbmlzaGVkX3N1YnRpdGxlZCAoSEQpIiBzcmM9Imh0dHBzOi8vcGxheWVyLnZpbWVvLmNvbS92aWRlby8zNDUzMTQxMjI\/ZG50PTEmYW1wO2FwcF9pZD0xMjI5NjMiIHdpZHRoPSI2NDAiIGhlaWdodD0iMzYwIiBmcmFtZWJvcmRlcj0iMCIgYWxsb3c9ImF1dG9wbGF5OyBmdWxsc2NyZWVuOyBwaWN0dXJlLWluLXBpY3R1cmU7IGNsaXBib2FyZC13cml0ZTsgZW5jcnlwdGVkLW1lZGlhOyB3ZWItc2hhcmUiIHJlZmVycmVycG9saWN5PSJzdHJpY3Qtb3JpZ2luLXdoZW4tY3Jvc3Mtb3JpZ2luIj48L2lmcmFtZT4=<\/script><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption> \u201cCiudad Infinita \u2013 Voces de El Ermita\u00f1o\u201d (Dir.: Kathrin Golda-Pongratz y Rodrigo Flores, Lima 2018) <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is a &#8222;good house&#8220;?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8222;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/town-planning-towards-city-development-a-report-to-the-durbar-of-indore\/oclc\/31025502\">Nothing fixes people like a good\nhouse<\/a>&#8220; biologist and urban planner <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patrick_Geddes\">Patrick Geddes<\/a> argued more than a\ncentury ago. Geddes studied the\nrole of government assisted self-built housing while working on the development\nof a new industrial city in India just after the First World War.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A <em>&#8222;good house&#8220;<\/em> can grow according to the needs of its inhabitants, adapt to life circumstances, and is a home its inhabitants can identify with. In this respect, it is also worthwhile revisiting the numerous experiments based on the idea of the \u201cgrowing house\u201d that were launched in the 1920s and 30s by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Margarete_Sch\u00fctte-Lihotzky\">Margarete Sch\u00fctte-Lihotzky<\/a> in Vienna and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martin_Wagner_(architect)\">Martin Wagner<\/a> in Berlin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Of importance are furthermore the ideas put forth by John FC Turner in his article \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.communityplanning.net\/JohnTurnerArchive\/pdfs\/FreedomtoBuildCh7.pdf\">Housing as a verb<\/a>\u201d, which describes aided self-managed housing construction in Peru in the 1960s as an alternative to the existing inflexible government housing programs. Turner defines housing as a process, not a product. The <em>\u201cfixing\u201d<\/em> that Geddes refers to can here be understood in the sense of reinforcing, emotionally empowering, feeling part of something, sharing and living together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">When housing is synonymous with speculation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The policies and\npractices of housing production, however, have strayed far from these values\nover the course of the twentieth century. Any dreams, ideals and yearnings\nrelated to housing have been exploited. They have gradually become synonymous\nwith the capitalization of land, profit seeking, and speculation in\nmetropolitan regions around the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spain\u2019s\ndevelopment during the \u201cboom del ladrillo\u201d \u2013 the real estate\nbubble \u2013 is considered a particularly concerning example of these practices. Even today, the urban\nperiphery bears witness to the impact of the real estate bubble, whose\ninevitable collapse has led to the paralysis of many housing projects. They are\nmonumental reminders of a destroyed suburban dream, and a symbol of the\nnegative impact of uncontrolled speculative urban policies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evictions and tourist apartments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Meanwhile, there is a\nlack of affordable housing in our urban centres. The eviction of \u2013 often\nvulnerable \u2013 people, who are unable to pay their mortgage or the excessive\nincrease in rent, is further evidence that housing has been reduced to nothing\nmore than a product. In this respect, we must applaud the <a href=\"https:\/\/civio.es\/el-boe-nuestro-de-cada-dia\/2019\/03\/05\/las-claves-del-decreto-ley-del-alquiler\/\">decision to stop evictions<\/a> for the duration of\nthe confinement, as it is the only humane alternative in these times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It comes as no\nsurprise that an increasing number of people are interested in alternative\nforms of coliving. The example of housing cooperatives demonstrates how the\nidea of housing as a process can be reinterpreted. Now that suddenly so\nmany tourist flats are no longer profitable due\nto the lockdown, let us hope that the crisis will force us to rethink the\npresent urban model \u2013 a strategy that is based on the extraction of economic\nbenefits from the city&#8217;s temporary inhabitants, thereby tolerating the\ndisplacement of its permanent population and putting at risk the social fabric\nof our neighbourhoods and the uniqueness of our cities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One thing we can\nhopefully learn during this severe crisis is what <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivan_Illich\">Ivan Illich<\/a> calls &#8222;<a href=\"https:\/\/arl.human.cornell.edu\/linked%20docs\/Illich_Tools_for_Conviviality.pdf\">the reconstruction of conviviality<\/a>&#8222;: conviviality\nas opposed to industrial productivity and capitalist performance based on the\ndogma of growth; conviviality based on the leadership of each individual and\nnot just a strong state or the economy; conviviality as an intrinsic ethical\nvalue of a society in which individual freedom is exercised in interdependence\nwith others and in relation to the environment in which we live, and where we\ncare about how our fellow citizens live.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Dr. Kathrin Golda-Pongratz <\/strong>is an architect, urbanist and urban researcher. She is currently a professor at the Universitat Internacional de Catalunya and lectures and publishes internationally. Her research focuses on urban memory, urban culture(s) and public space, Hispano-American urbanism, postcolonial urbanization, non-formal urbanism and place-making strategies. Member of the Institut dels Passats Presents at Barcelona\u2019s city council (IPP), of Deutscher Werkbund (dwb), the German Academy of Urban and Regional Planning (DASL) and Academia Europaea (AE). <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This article was translated from Spanish by Sigrid Ehrmann.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To prevent the pandemic from further spreading, governments in recent weeks started to enforce lockdowns and ordered people to #stayhome&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":452,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[32,56,55],"coauthors":[28],"class_list":["post-450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-allgemein","tag-corona","tag-good-house","tag-housing","post-archive"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Dignified housing (in times of a pandemic and beyond) - 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