{"id":51,"date":"2020-03-02T15:59:59","date_gmt":"2020-03-02T14:59:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.menschenrechte.org\/blog\/?p=51"},"modified":"2022-06-27T16:48:07","modified_gmt":"2022-06-27T14:48:07","slug":"why-germans-win-at-scrabble-but-still-can-miss-the-point","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.menschenrechte.org\/blog\/why-germans-win-at-scrabble-but-still-can-miss-the-point\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Germans Win At Scrabble But Still Can Miss the Point"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Fu\u00dfbodenschleifmaschinenverleih<\/a> = floor\nsander rental<\/p>\n\n\n\n

22 letters vs. 5+6+6=17 letters<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deutsche Sprache, schwere Sprache.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You\u2019ve probably all heard this\nsaying and you\u2019re now wondering what this has to do with human rights. Well, currently,\nI am writing my dissertation on the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of\nPersons with Disabilities<\/a> (CRPD). As part of my research, I am looking at\ninternational documents that need to be implemented in Germany \u2013 specifically\non the local, municipal level. The originals of these documents are almost\nalways in English and therefore need to be translated for the respective\ncountries that are affected by them. In the case of Germany, they have to be\ntranslated into \u2013 ta da \u2013 German! This is where my introduction kicks in: Some\nconcepts that are rather precise in the English original get lost in\ntranslation. In part, this is due to the fundamental nature of both languages.\nFor instance: English has a much larger vocabulary; thus, forcing German to\neither use a loan word, create a word formation, or to express the word in a\nsubordinate clause within the sentence structure the word is being used in. The first two help Germans win at\nscrabble, but with all they can easily get lost in translation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Especially\nwith documents of great importance such as the International Classification of Functioning,\nDisability and Health<\/a> (ICF) or the CRPD mentioned above, which have an\nimpact on millions of lives, it is important to have the correct phrasing and,\nas in the case of Germany, translation. Marianne Hirschberg pointed out in her dissertation<\/a> about the ICF, that in\nthe English original the components are classified using either positive or\nneutral terms, whereas the German translation exclusively uses negative\nphrasing. The German ICF even states in its preamble<\/a> that the English term\n\u201ahealth condition\u2019 is translated with the \u2018Gesundheitsproblem\u2019, which has a far\nmore narrow definition. An explanation is not given for this. One can only\nguess: Was it a lazy translator? Was it incompetence? Or was it true conviction\nthat this was the correct and appropriate translation? The word\n\u201cGesundheitszustand\u201d would have sufficed. Hirschberg argues \u2013 rightfully so \u2013\nthat the German word \u201cProblem\u201d has a negative connotation. In turn, one can be\nrather reluctant to address the issue of disability if it is already coined as\na problem in an international document. Just imagine your typical employee of\nthe local health department beginning to read through the German translation of\nthe ICF and seeing the word \u201cGesundheitsproblem\u201d right there on the first page\nafter the table of contents. You can actually hear the \u201cgood grief\u201d-sigh right\nnow! I know this must seem like I have a rather pessimistic view, but my\nresearch has yet to prove me wrong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another excellent example of the concerns arising when translating international\ndocuments pertaining to disability is how to deal with the English term\n\u201cparticipation\u201d versus the German term \u201cTeilhabe\u201d. Klaudia Erhardt<\/a> and Katrin Gr\u00fcber<\/a> make a good point. They believe the original English \u201cparticipation\u201d has\na much more pragmatic, worldly (this word alone also has issues when translated\nfrom the German \u201cweltlich\u201d\u2026) connotation in contrast to the German term\n\u201cTeilhabe\u201d, \u201c[\u2026] der das Denken unwillk\u00fcrlich in Richtung einer Ehrfurcht\ngebietenden \u00dcberh\u00f6hung zieht und es deshalb nicht leicht macht, unbefangen\naufzuz\u00e4hlen, aus welchen Zutaten gelungene Teilhabe bestehen k\u00f6nnte\u201d, they argue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So, what would be suitable alternatives in German? The ICF tries to come up with a solution<\/a>. While it acknowledges that the English term \u2018participation\u2019 is \u2018Teilhabe\u2019 in German, they instead use the \u201coriginal\u201d term \u2018Partizipation [Teilhabe]\u2018 for the translation. Their reasoning: \u2018Teilhabe\u2019 has a more specific meaning in Switzerland as it does in Germany, where it has a crucial significance in its Social Law. I think this solution in and of itself is acceptable. The reason, on the other hand, I find lacking. A cursory incognito Google search as to avoid personalized results \u2013 I know it\u2019s not really academic \u2013 with the phrase \u201cTeilhabe Schweiz<\/a>\u201d shows an outcome only slightly differing from results one gets when conducting a Google search with \u201cTeilhabe Deutschland\u201d. However, it is not in favor of the ICF logic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the former come up with \u201cTeilhabe\u201d closely related to disability with results ranging from the Swiss Federal Statistic Office<\/a> to a study conducted<\/a> by Andreas Pfister<\/a> from the University Luzern called \u201cTeilhabe von erwachsenen Menschen mit einer k\u00f6rperlichen, kognitiven oder psychischen Beeintr\u00e4chtigung\u201d to a definition of \u201cBehindertenpolitik\u201d (politics of people with disabilities) given by the SODK, the Swiss Cantonal Conference of Social Directors. These are all results on the first search result page. They all address topics regarding the social inclusion\/participation concept as formulated in German (meaning country, not language) writings about \u201cTeilhabe\u201d; encompassing amongst others: inclusion in education, in the work force (so called \u201cErster Arbeitsmarkt\u201d in Germany), in cultural events and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter search, \u201cTeilhabe Deutschland<\/a>\u201d, shows the following first couple of results: A Wikipedia entry for \u201cNukleare Teilhabe<\/a>\u201d (\u201cnuclear sharing\u201d: a concept in NATO\u2019s policy of nuclear deterrence during the Cold War); the Wikipedia entry for \u201cTeilhabe (Behinderte Menschen)<\/a>\u201d (a phrasing which in it of itself is problematic); and an article<\/a> by Spiegel ONLINE on a study conducted by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development commissioned by the W\u00fcstenrot Foundation. In the study, people with disabilities are only mentioned twice. Once, that they are a given part of city life in the Lower Saxon city of Rotenburg (W\u00fcmme). The other, that high number of students with a learning disability in the county Manzfeld-S\u00fcdharz (Saxony-Anhalt) attending a special needs school is due to the \u201cculture of unemployment\u201d in the region.  As one can see, the search results pertaining to Germany differ greater than their Swiss counterpart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Foto von ELEVATE <\/strong>von Pexels<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Now, granted, I know there are problems with my argument here. One I have already stated before: the Google search is not very academic. Let\u2019s, however, get back to our employee of the local health department (or any other municipal office dealing with this topic, for that regard): Do you really think they who have to deal with \u201cTeilhabe\u201d are going to go about this academically and do research on the topic in an academic setting such as a university library with (seemingly) endless resources about this? No, it\u2019s highly unlikely. Rather, they will do exactly what I did: a cursory Google search with some phrasing similar to mine and will probably be disgruntled when the answer does not pop up right there on the first search page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The other is, that the German ICF translation is from October 2005. Now it is February 2020. A lot can change in fifteen years. Maybe Switzerland is addressing the issue of \u201cTeilhabe\u201d for persons with disabilities more adamantly than it did in 2005. Maybe Switzerland just thought it would be easier to change its concept of \u201cTeilhabe\u201d to adhere more to the German concept of the word. Maybe Germany\u2019s idea of \u201cTeilhabe\u201d has changed since then. Maybe none of this is the case, and the statement in the German translation of the ICF why \u201cPartizipation\u201d is used has been just flat out wrong all along. I do not know. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nevertheless,\nthese two issues with my previous argument bring me back to the topic at hand:\ntranslating the original English international documents on disability into\nGerman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Translations\nneed to be precise and at the same time user-friendly. Employees on the municipal\nlevel need to be able to easily understand them without having to do secondary\nGoogle searches. It is not just employees, though, that need to be able to\nunderstand them. City council members, mayors, but most of all people with\ndisabilities themselves need to know and understand what regards them, what\ninfluences their everyday life, because that\u2019s what makes participation and\nTeilhabe. Persons with disabilities need to have a say in all of this. I also\nstrongly believe that persons with disabilities should actively participate (in\nthe English sense) in the official translations of these international\ndocuments. This way, there will be no need to have a so-called \u201cSchatten\u00fcbersetzung<\/a>\u201d,\nwhich is an unofficial translation of an international document, as is the case\nwith the CRPD, for example. Without their participation, there will never be\nprogress. I would like to remark that I fully understand and support the need\nfor translations into \u201cLeichte\nSprache<\/a>\u201d, plain language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Change\nis the other issue. Modern languages that are still in use are not stagnant;\nthey are not a dead language such as Latin, though many a Latin teacher would\ndisagree with me here. So if language evolves, then the concepts, which are created\nout of words, are also susceptible to change. Why does language change? Because\npeople change, society changes. Wouldn\u2019t it be good then, to make sure that the\ntranslated documents could be able to address and adapt to social change\nwithout muddying the core concepts of the original English translation? It\nwould make realizing the crucial goal of social inclusion of persons with\ndisabilities, a difficult task indeed, that much easier in Germany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So,\njust to drive the point home, let me end how I started: with an example not\nnecessarily relevant to my specific topic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The beginning of baseball season in the United States is parallel to the end of the Bundesliga season in Germany. All the baseball teams say then: \u201cHope springs eternal\u201d, while the soccer teams who fear relegation or are extremely close to achieving their season goal say: \u201cDie Hoffnung stirbt zuletzt.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Fotos von Jim De Ramos <\/strong>von Pexels<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The initial blog entry was written in April 2014 for a colloquium at the Human Rights Institute of the University Erlangen-Nuremberg and has been updated for current relevance.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maria studierte Politikwissenschaften sowie Medienkommunikation in Mannheim und Wien. Durch ihre Doktorarbeit, an der sie gerade an der Uni Erlangen schreibt, lernte sie das N\u00fcrnberger Menschenrechtszentrum kennen, wo sie sich seither vor allem im Redaktionsteam engagiert. Ihre Leidenschaft auch profanere Themen wie Fu\u00dfball oder den Alltag in einen menschenrechtlichen Kontext zu stellen, kann sie beim Blog genauso nachgehen, wie akademischere Themen einem breiteren Publikum nahezubringen.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fu\u00dfbodenschleifmaschinenverleih = floor sander rental 22 letters vs. 5+6+6=17 letters Deutsche Sprache, schwere Sprache. 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